The military is struggling with the effect of multiple deployments on the psychological health of soldiers and their marriages. Rates of divorce, domestic violence, and suicide have risen steeply over the course of the wars, and the number of U.S. troops diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) jumped nearly 50% in 2007 over the previous year, bringing the total to nearly 40,000. Shockingly, this figure only reflects a fraction of servicemen and women suffering from psychological distress because the stats don’t include those diagnosed by Dept. of Veterans Affairs workers or civilian caregivers, nor does it include the thousands who avoid seeking care out of concern over stigma or damage to their military careers.

Army suicides are at a three decade high. At least 140 soldiers killed themselves in 2008, but the final count does not show the whole picture of war-related suicides since it excludes deaths after people have left the military. And, as of April, the Army has reported at least 56 suicides.

What's being done?

In an effort to counter the damaging affects of war, the armed forces have imposed mandatory transition counseling aimed at soldiers returning home. The Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program, launched last year by the Pentagon, is designed to ease the transition home for reservists. The reintegration programs are held on weekends, 30, 60 and 90 days after the soldiers come home. The sessions cover anger management, financial planning and substance abuse, and feature several resources designed to help the soldiers get back on their feet. While many in the military brass consider it an improvement, some say it is not as comprehensive as it should be.

“Mental health problems can surface long after 90 days,” says Lt. Col. Michael Gafney, who runs the reintegration program for the Maryland National Guard. Gafney has been pushing to extend the program to at least a year but has been told there aren’t sufficient funds to cover that. “If we screwed them up, we should fix them,” counters Gafney.

“One thing we’ve learned from this war, we learned from World War II, Korea, Vietnam, the previous wars, is not all injuries are physical,” said Major General Daniel P. Bolger, commander of Multi-National Division-Baghdad.

Ethan Brown, journalist and notable author of hyped hip hop tomes “Queens Reigns Supreme” and “Snitch,” would agree. His latest book is an an exposé on the seemingly invisible victims of the war – the soldiers who suffer from PTSD. "The vets I’ve talked to have told me that when they’re over there, there is no point where you can relax mentally because at any moment you or someone in your unit can be blown up. It’s tremendously traumatic and the people who are able to navigate that kind of scenario the best are often the ones who fair the worst when they come home. They find there’s no way to wind down from that on guard 24/7 mentality."

What the future may hold

It was only in the aftermath of the Vietnam War that veterans’ mental health injuries were examined scientifically. The statistics tell a frightening tale of what could happen to the Iraq vets if they go untreated: 23% of homeless population are veterans (that’s between 529,000 and 849,000 vets) and 76% experience alcohol, drug, or mental health problems. In 1998 alone, 56,500 Vietnam vets were being held in State and Federal prisons.

Considering this, the current statistics on Iraq vets and PTSD injuries are sobering. The prevalence of mental health injuries among Iraq veterans is equivalent to that of Vietnam vets, and may in fact be higher … AND the wars aren’t over yet. In March, the Iraq War celebrated a somber six year anniversary, and while Obama has set a deadline of December 2011 for troop withdrawal from Iraq, there are no overall troop withdrawal deadlines for the war in Afghanistan. The Obama administration has already begun their plan of flooding Afghanistan with 20,000 more troops.

Still, experts say that with early screening and ready access to counseling, the mental health effects of combat are treatable. The hope is that a formal inquiry into the availability of behavioral health care for American service personnel will reveal the need for early intervention and prompt the armed forces to plan accordingly, including petitioning Obama’s administration to provide the funding.

Want to do something to help our soldiers in crisis? Get inspired by some DS projects:

• Fighting for our Soldiers is working to establish a penpal program between soldiers and children.
• Hidden Costs of War is getting care packages together for the troop, including calling cards so soldiers can hear the voice of a loved one, and fun items they can use in their down time, like board games, decks of cards, or sport balls.